A philologist, Jefferson knew several languages. Jefferson rejected fundamental Christianity, denying Christ's divinity. He largely shunned organized religion but was influenced by Christianity, Epicureanism, and deism. Jefferson's keen interest in religion and philosophy led to his appointment as president of the American Philosophical Society. He was also an architect in the Palladian tradition. Jefferson was a plantation owner, lawyer, and politician, and mastered many disciplines including surveying, mathematics, horticulture, and mechanics. The same year, Jefferson signed the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves. In 1807, American foreign trade was diminished when Jefferson implemented the Embargo Act in response to British threats to U.S.
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He was re-elected in 1804, but his second term was beset with difficulties at home, including the trial of former vice president Aaron Burr. As a result of peace negotiations with France, his administration reduced military forces. To make room for settlement, Jefferson began the process of Indian tribal removal from the newly acquired territory. Starting in 1803, he promoted a western expansionist policy with the Louisiana Purchase which doubled the nation's claimed land area. After his term in office, Jefferson eventually reconciled with Adams and they shared a correspondence that lasted fourteen years.Īs president, Jefferson pursued the nation's shipping and trade interests against Barbary pirates and aggressive British trade policies. Jefferson challenged Adams again in 1800 and won the presidency. In the 1796 presidential election between the two, Jefferson came in second, which according to electoral procedure at the time, made him vice president to Adams. Jefferson and Federalist John Adams became friends as well as political rivals, serving in the Continental Congress and drafting the Declaration of Independence together. With Madison, he anonymously wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 17, which sought to strengthen states' rights by nullifying the federal Alien and Sedition Acts. Jefferson and James Madison organized the Democratic-Republican Party to oppose the Federalist Party during the formation of the First Party System. In 1785, Jefferson was appointed the United States Minister to France, and subsequently, the nation's first secretary of state under President George Washington from 1790 to 1793. He served as the second Governor of Virginia from 1779 to 1781, during the Revolutionary War.
As a Virginia legislator, he drafted a state law for religious freedom.
He was a leading proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, and produced formative documents and decisions at state, national, and international levels.ĭuring the American Revolution, Jefferson represented Virginia in the Second Continental Congress, which adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. Globally, Jefferson's ideas were influential in shaping and inspiring the Age of Enlightenment, which proved transformational globally in the late 17th and 18th centuries. His passionate writings and advocacy for human rights, including freedom of thought, speech, and religion, were a leading inspiration behind the American Revolution, which ultimately gave rise to the American Revolutionary War, American independence, and the United States Constitution. Following the American Revolutionary War and prior to becoming the nation's third president in 1801, Jefferson was the first United States secretary of state under George Washington and then the nation's second vice president under John Adams.Īmong the nation's Founding Fathers, Jefferson is considered unmatched in his intellectual depth and breadth. Among the Committee of Five charged by the Second Continental Congress with authoring the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was the Declaration's primary author, writing it between June 11 and Jat a three-story residence at 700 Market Street in Philadelphia. Thomas Jefferson (Ap – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Member of the Virginia House of Burgesses Minister Plenipotentiary for Negotiating Treaties of Amity and Commerceĭelegate from Virginia to the Congress of the Confederationĭelegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress
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